Refrigeration industry are aware, the key material is cooling the refrigerant, the refrigerant in the use of energy from the environmental considerations, into environment-friendly, environmentally friendly and non-Asian environmental protection, energy saving and not saving refrigerant. With the social development, technological advances, the refrigerant has been updated, and updating.
The first generation of the selection criteria is the refrigerant can be used on the line, as long as they can achieve the cooling effect, the specific number of volatile solvents and volatile working fluid, so great are the first generation of refrigerant flammable, toxic substances. 20 years in the last century, with the application of centrifugal refrigerant, the use of chloride (R1130) to replace sulfur dioxide (R764) and ammonia (R718).
Emphasis on the second-generation refrigerant safety and durability. Through the efforts of scientists, last century, 30 years, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC) and hydrogen chlorofluorocarbons (HCFC) refrigerants became mainstream. As a large ammonia refrigeration system of the most popular refrigerant started, mainly food and beverage processing and cold storage areas, still continue to use.
Focus on third-generation refrigerants to ozone layer protection, environmental protection is a worldwide issue, the Vienna Convention and Montreal Protocol, forcing people to abandon the use of ozone-depleting substances (ODS). Use of fluoride are required to sub. Emphasize short-term use can HCFC, HFC can use a longer period of time. As a result, people began to change again for some "natural refrigerants" concern and prompted the absorption and use of fluoride products other non-vapor compression refrigeration system is developed using. Hydrofluoroether (HFE) and non-fluorine refrigerant chemical as a substitute, but no promotion. Under the Montreal Protocol: Freon as a refrigerant will be eliminated, some manufacturers in late 1989, the first commercial production of alternative refrigerants. China has completed ahead of CFC controls, and to early discharge, HCFC phase-out of the list is also being planned.
Fourth-generation refrigerants with global warming as the selection criteria. Causes of global warming, scientists controversial, but the common one of the reasons is the recognition of fluorine refrigerant chemicals damage the ozone layer, according to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, "Kyoto Protocol" based on carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, HFC, PFC, SF6 calculation of equivalent value, on the development of a bundled gas temperature indicator. This protocol does not attempt to solve the "Montreal Protocol" ozone depleting substances involved, although some of the role of ozone-depleting gases is also a strong temperature and humidity of gas, countries have adopted measures for focus on global warming, forcing changes to the fourth generation of refrigerant. The use of low global warming potential of refrigerant (HFC) such as R32, R152a, R161 ... ... even if they are flammable, but it is only confined to small refrigeration systems, large refrigeration system still continue to use the NH3, but the toxic and flammable issues.
Choose low-potential, non-toxic, flammable, high efficiency refrigerant scientists today the main direction of the refrigerant mixture to achieve a breakthrough in the near future, from the environment, safety, performance, cost has also improved.
Of course, the refrigerant system will not occur, but its cost and efficiency to be improved. Such as semiconductor refrigeration, magnetic refrigeration, are to be further improved, the system with refrigerant and semiconductors, magnetic refrigeration or multi-level combination of the secondary cooling model will be developed in the near future and use.
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